The 4 Major Basilicas of Rome
The four major basilicas of Rome, true jewels of religious architecture, are essential symbols of Catholicism and major pilgrimage sites. Discover which are these essential buildings of the Catholic Church. Each of these churches houses exceptional spiritual and artistic treasures, attracting visitors from all over the world. Explore their historical significance and their essential role in religious life, particularly during Jubilees, such as the one planned for 2025.
- What is a Major Basilica?
- How many Major Basilicas are there in the world?
- Are there any special events and pilgrimages specific to the Major Basilicas?
- Is there a dress code for entering the major basilicas in Rome?
- Is visiting a Major Basilica free?
- Are the Major Basilicas open all year round?
- Is it possible to attend Mass or a religious ceremony in these basilicas?
What is a Major Basilica?
A major basilica is one of the most important churches of the Catholic Church, recognized for its historical and spiritual status.
The major basilicas of Rome have an origin dating back to the early centuries of Christianity. They were built from the 4th century onwards, after Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 with the Edict of Milan. They are called "major" because of their direct link to the Pope and their symbolic importance for the Catholic Church. The term "major" distinguishes them from minor basilicas by their liturgical status and their role in major Church events.
Each of them holds a Holy Door, opened only during Jubilee years, symbolizing their unique spiritual significance.
Did you know? 2025 is a Jubilee year. Don't miss this extraordinary event that only takes place once every 25 years. Discover everything you need to know about the 2025 Jubilee in Rome.
How many Major Basilicas are there in the world?
There are only four major basilicas in the world, all located in Rome. They are directly associated with the Pope and hold deep religious significance.
The 4 Major Basilicas are:
- St. Peter's Basilica
- St. John Lateran Basilica
- St. Mary Major Basilica
- St. Paul Outside the Walls Basilica.
- They are pilgrimage sites for Catholics and are reference sites for major papal events.
Are there any special events and pilgrimages specific to the Major Basilicas?
Yes, the major basilicas are important pilgrimage sites, especially during the Holy Year or Jubilee, organized every 25 years. The faithful are encouraged to visit these basilicas to receive special indulgences. Religious events, such as papal masses, Christmas and Easter celebrations, also take place in the major basilicas.
St. Peter's Basilica is a central location for papal audiences and major religious ceremonies, attracting millions of pilgrims each year.
Is there a dress code for entering the major basilicas in Rome?
Yes, there is a strict dress code for entering the major basilicas in Rome. Visitors must wear clothing covering their shoulders and knees. Tank tops, short shorts, and skirts above the knee are not allowed. It is advisable to bring a scarf or shawl to cover your shoulders if necessary, especially in summer. This dress code reflects respect for these sacred places and is rigorously enforced, particularly in St. Peter's Basilica.
Is visiting a Major Basilica free?
Yes, visiting the major basilicas in Rome is generally free, including St. Peter's Basilica, St. John Lateran Basilica, and St. Mary Major Basilica. However, some special sections, such as St. Peter's dome or the adjoining museums, may require an entrance fee. For those wishing to access these specific areas, it is recommended to check the rates and book in advance to avoid queues.
Are the Major Basilicas open all year round?
Yes, the major basilicas in Rome are open all year round, with a few exceptions, such as major religious holidays or certain special events that require temporary closure. Opening hours may vary slightly depending on the season or religious ceremonies planned. For example, St. Peter's Basilica is generally open every day, with variable hours for visits and religious services. It is advisable to check opening hours before visiting, especially during religious holidays.
Is it possible to attend Mass or a religious ceremony in these basilicas?
Yes, it is possible to attend Mass and other religious ceremonies in the major basilicas in Rome. Each basilica offers regular Masses, including Sunday Masses and special celebrations during religious holidays. St. Peter's Basilica, for example, hosts papal Masses on major occasions such as Christmas and Easter, attracting thousands of worshippers. It is often recommended to book to attend major ceremonies, and service times are available on the basilicas' websites.
Visiting the four major basilicas is an essential step for anyone wanting to understand the historical and spiritual depth of Rome. Don't miss the opportunity to discover them during the next Jubilee.
Now you know everything about the 4 main Basilicas in the world and their importance in the 2025 Jubilee. Also discover our Top 11 of the most emblematic Religious Sites in Rome and our selection of the Essentials of Rome – 20 Major Sites.
